Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects people with ovaries, often during their reproductive years. It is characterized by irregular periods, elevated androgen levels (male hormones), and ovarian cysts.
Symptoms:
- Irregular Periods: Infrequent or absent menstruation.
- Excess Hair Growth (Hirsutism): Male-pattern hair growth on the face, chest, or abdomen.
- Acne and Oily Skin: Increased acne or oiliness due to elevated testosterone.
- Weight Gain: Difficulty losing weight or increased abdominal fat.
- Thinning Hair: Hair loss or thinning on the scalp.
Diagnosis:
PCOS is diagnosed based on symptoms, blood tests to check hormone levels, and ultrasound to detect ovarian cysts. At least two of the following are needed for a diagnosis:
- Irregular ovulation (periods).
- Elevated androgens (testosterone).
- Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound.
Treatment:
While there’s no cure, treatments can manage symptoms:
- Lifestyle Changes: A balanced diet and regular exercise help manage weight and insulin levels.
- Medications: The oral contraceptive pill can regulate periods, reduce acne and hair growth. Metformin may improve insulin sensitivity.
- Fertility Treatments: Medications like Clomid can stimulate ovulation for those trying to conceive.
Long-Term Risks:
PCOS increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and endometrial cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and reduce these risks.
If you suspect PCOS, or would like to know more about managing this condition, The Claremont Clinic doctors are experienced and happy to help you.